Facts
HomeFacts
World Down Syndrome Day is celebrated on 3/21
This represents the 3 copies of the 21st chromosome
October is Down Syndrome Awareness Month
Ribbon colors are royal blue and yellow

Facts About Down Syndrome:

What is Down Syndrome?

Down syndrome is a genetic condition that occurs when a person has a full or
partial extra copy of chromosome 21. That extra chromosome changes how a
person’s body and brain develop — affecting growth, learning, and certain
physical traits.

Most people with Down syndrome have what is called “Trisomy 21.” There are
also two other, less common types:

  •  Translocation Down syndrome — a portion of chromosome 21 attaches to
    another chromosome.
  • Mosaic Down syndrome — some cells have the extra chromosome 21,
    while others are typical.

No matter the type, the strengths, personality, and potential of each person with Down syndrome are unique.

Prevalence & Demographics:

  • Down syndrome is the most frequently occurring chromosomal condition.
  •  In the United States, current estimates suggest approximately 1 in every
    640–700 live births is a baby with Down syndrome.
  • Down syndrome occurs in people of all races, ethnicities, and economic
    backgrounds.

Health, Development & Medical Considerations

People with Down syndrome may face certain health or developmental challenges — but with proper support, many live healthy, full lives.

Some common medical or developmental aspects to be aware of:

  •  Lower muscle tone, shorter stature, certain facial features, and slower
    development of motor skills.
  • Increased risk for certain conditions like congenital heart defects,
    hearing/vision issues, thyroid conditions, respiratory concerns, and others.
  • Because of medical advances and better care, individuals with Down
    syndrome today live much longer than in past decades. Average life
    expectancy has increased significantly.
  • Early intervention — including physical therapy, speech therapy, supportive
    education, and good healthcare — can make a big difference in development
    and quality of life.

Abilities, Strengths & What’s Possible

Down syndrome does not define what someone cannot do — many
individuals:

  • Attend school, learn, graduate, and continue into post-secondary education
    or vocational training.
  • Work, volunteer, vote, engage in hobbies, form friendships and
    relationships, and contribute meaningfully to their communities.
  • Live fulfilling, happy lives with proper support, love, and opportunities.

Myths vs. Facts

Myth: “Down syndrome is rare.”
Truth: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition — about 1 in every 650–700 births.

Myth: “It’s a disease.”
Truth: Down syndrome is a genetic condition, not an illness. People with
Down syndrome are not “suffering” — many live happy, healthy, full lives.

Myth: “All people with Down syndrome look or act the same.”
Truth: Every person with Down syndrome is unique — with different
strengths, personalities, talents, and challenges.

Myth: “They can’t go to school or work.”
Truth: Many attend regular schools with supports, graduate, and work in a
wide variety of jobs.

For more myths vs. facts and downloadable fact sheets, see your “Myths &
Truths” and “Fact Sheets — English / Español” links

Downloadable Resources & Guides

Why This Page Matters

Whether you’re a new parent, a therapist, an educator, or a community
member — accurate information plus hope helps build understanding. This
page is designed to give up-to-date and balanced information about Down
syndrome — to educate, encourage, and advocate for inclusion and respect.

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Your individual donations and corporate sponsorships help us create and distribute the information and resources to support people with Down syndrome, their families, and the network of people who support them.

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